The complicity of the image: photography at the intersection of police surveillance, corporate/state control and artificial intelligence How are images being utilized to gather data on our daily activities? With the development and advancement of artificial intelligence, there has been a radical change in the way surveillance systems capture, categorize and synthesize photographs. Mirror with a Memory explores the intersection between AI, photography and surveillance--its past, present and future--to underscore concerns about implicit bias, right to privacy and police monitoring embedded in corporate, military and law enforcement applications. Contributors include: Zach Blas, Simone Brown, Joy Buolamwini, Oliver Chanarin, Adrian Chen, Harun Farocki, Forensic Architecture, Lynn Hershman Leeson, Trevor Paglen, Martha Rosler and Martine Syms.
Canada and the art of photography came into existence together in the middle of the nineteenth century. Both had shaky beginnings — one was an upstart country struggling to emerge from the shadow of its great neighbor, the other a rough art form capable of capturing only blurred, grainy images — but each eventually came into its own. Today, Canada is a bold and prosperous nation, while photography, in the words of Edward Steichen, is “a major force in explaining man to man.” Mirror with a Memory is a photographic journey through the history of this country. It includes those famous shots that have defined a nation; from the Fathers of Confederation grouped stiffly on the steps of Charlottetown’s Confederation Hall to the massive Maple Leaf flag drifting over the heads of federalists on the eve of the last referendum. But the book also features the faces of ordinary Canadians going about their everyday lives — a family of newly arrived, turn-of-the-century immigrants on the platform at Toronto’s Union Station; a line of 1920s seal hunters picking their way across the Newfoundland ice floes; pith-helmeted soldiers at a Boer War field hospital in Bloemfontein, South Africa. Through extended captions and, of course, the photographs themselves, Mirror with a Memory brings to life the story of Canada from confederation to the present day. In the end, it gives us an unforgettable portrait of the people and events that forged a nation.
This volume is a comprehensive and balanced examination of the African Christian response to political conflicts. Its strength lies on its focus on the healing of memories from theological, philosophical, cultural and scientific points of view.
Degrees of Freedom Uncertainty This is the degrees of freedom uncertainty rule [which actually allows us freedom]. We can never be sure which individual went this way and which went the other way [that is what entropy and Carnot’s ‘jinks’ on Maxwell’s demons is all about]. This is a statistical population; there are enough members to apply the statistical rule [the rule of large numbers]. That is the same rule [just inverted] as the degrees of freedom uncertainty principle [which says that you cannot specify Newtonian activity on populations that provide excellent statistical results because of the same theory of large numbers. - You can’t have your cake and eat it too [precisely what Carnoy meant]. Also, the difficulties with this rule could be resolved easily; by applying the viewpoint of harmonics. So, under the degrees of freedom uncertainty [when that applies {strongly enough}] you have harmonics. This is the fact that systems under the rule of degrees of freedom uncertainty and that are constrained [in certain natural or “harmonics” ways.] can form “natural” patterns. Harmonics [the name] refers to the patterns since they form in harmonic kine [a set of eigenfunctions]. The pattern does not specify where any part [molecule] is at or how fast it is going. The pattern is an envelope of probability distribution for the randomly distributed contents. This does not allow Maxwell's Demons to sneak some particles into a special place to violate equilibrium rules. Demythologizing Jung Demythologizing and deconstruction is the territory of the post-structuralist. But reconstruction should be the goal of such endeavors. Here the deconstruction of Jung's archetypes is reconstructed into a meaningful, workable, and useful concept of how the mind works. This effort is about the mind and the algorithms that the mind uses to process information. In the brain, pictures are a very important part of the information processing; but computer processing is approaching that state now as well. Here the mind is the program. That mind can use different algorithms in its programming to solve its “problems”. Recognizing these algorithms is our desire for this study. I start with Jung’s Archetype algorithms and proceed to expand that into a more complete recognition of mental algorithms. The process of understanding conversation is to compare the text of a sentence with contextual information we have. The question is: “How do we store and retrieve the context in our grammar?” It is not stored using relational algebra, which is the method we use to store computer database data for efficient computer store and retrieve mechanisms. Relational data storage is not fast enough and it is not broad enough in its combinatorial strength to explain the minds process. The mind has a way of producing mental objects out of the interpretation of external information. A fresh encounter with the outer world is analyzed by a neural network. The information is carried by nerves from the sensing point. These nerve signals are then filtered through neural networks. The archetype [Jung] for that area of mental processing is the link with the conscious. From this link, a memory object can be extended from the archetype (as base class). Then the extended archetype layer becomes the output layer of the neural network. Note the archetype layer serves both as the interpretation function determining layer (how the input is interpreted) and, in the instantiation of the object from the base class extended to a memory object from (based on the neural interpretation). This is a probabilistic process that is under constraints. The process is probabilistic but the constraints provide limitations so the result that is controlled by these limitations produces a meaningful pattern. Thus the constraints prevent dissipation, and encourage meaningful results. The constraints in the young child are the archetypes. As we grow older our minds develop aggregate (abstract) classes that are useful as though they were archetypes. These archetypes and aggregates constrain the mental process so that meaningful patterns result from the interpretation process. The features of the archetypal classes, relating to the attributes and methods of a class, are then the similar to the neural network activation functions. With input (our nerves send these signals about our present context) these features are used to interpret the signals (our internal program adapts them to interpretation of the input signals). When applied to a memory object in our conscious mind, the features (activation functions) are used in a way that they make the memory object useful and meaningful in our thought process. Remember the class here is a (hidden) layer of the neural network not a single node. Also an abstract class can be extended into a memory object (as a real [visible] class). (Also see books by Dr. Jerome Heath: https://sites.google.com/site/jbhcontextcalculus/)
This thoroughly updated edition provides a balanced review of the core methods and the latest research on animal learning and human memory. The relevance of basic principles is highlighted throughout via everyday examples to ignite student interest, along with more traditional examples from human and animal laboratory studies. Individual differences in age, gender, learning style, cultural background, or special abilities (such as the math gifted) are highlighted within each chapter to help students see how the principles may be generalized to other subject populations. The basic processes of learning – such as classical and instrumental conditioning and encoding and storage in long-term memory in addition to implicit memory, spatial learning, and remembering in the world outside the laboratory – are reviewed. The general rules of learning are described along with the exceptions, limitations, and best applications of these rules. The relationship between the fields of neuropsychology and learning and memory is stressed throughout. The relevance of this research to other disciplines is reflected in the tone of the writing and is demonstrated through a variety of examples from education, neuropsychology, rehabilitation, psychiatry, nursing and medicine, I/O and consumer psychology, and animal behavior. Each chapter begins with an outline and concludes with a detailed summary. A website for instructors and students accompanies the book. Updated throughout with new research findings and examples the new edition features: A streamlined presentation for today’s busy students. As in the past, the author supports each concept with a research example and real-life application, but the duplicate example or application now appears on the website so instructors can use the additional material to illustrate the concepts in class. Expanded coverage of neuroscience that reflects the current research of the field including aversive conditioning (Ch. 5) and animal working memory (Ch. 8). More examples of research on student learning that use the same variables discussed in the chapter, but applies them in a classroom or student’s study environment. This includes research that applies encoding techniques to student learning, for example: studying: recommendations from experts (Ch. 1); the benefits of testing (Ch. 9); and Joshua Foer’s Moonwalking with Einstein, on his quest to become a memory expert (Ch. 6). More coverage of unconscious learning and knowledge (Ch. 11). Increased coverage of reinforcement and addiction (Ch. 4), causal and language learning (Ch. 6), working memory (WM) and the effects of training on WM, and the comparative evolution of WM in different species (Ch. 8), and genetics and learning (Ch. 12).
Matilda Mroz argues that cinema provides an ideal opportunity to engage with ideas of temporal flow and change. Temporality, however, remains an underexplored area of film analysis, which frequently discusses images as though they were still rather than moving. This book traces the operation of duration in cinema, and argues that temporality should be a central concern of film scholarship. In close readings of Michelangelo Antonioni's L'Avventura, Andrei Tarkovsky's Mirror, and the ten short films that make up Krzysztof Kie?lowski's Decalogue series, Mroz highlights how film analysis must consider both particular moments in cinema which are critically significant, and the way in which such moments interrelate in temporal flux. She explores the concepts of duration and rhythm, resonance and uncertainty, affect, sense and texture, to bring a fresh perspective to film analysis and criticism.Essential reading for students and scholars in Film Studies, this engaging study will also be a valuable resource for critical theorists.
Photographs shaped the view of the world in turn-of-the-century Central Europe, bringing images of everything from natural and cultural history to masterpieces of Greek sculpture into homes and offices. Sigmund Freud's library?no exception to this trend?was filled with individual photographs and images in books. According to Mary Bergstein, these photographs also profoundly shaped Freud's thinking in ways that were no less important because they may have been involuntary and unconscious. In Mirrors of Memory, lavishly illustrated with reproductions of the photos from Freud's voluminous collection, she argues that studying the man and his photographs uncovers a key to the origins of psychoanalysis. In Freud's era, photographs were viewed as transparent windows revealing objective truth but at the same time were highly subjective, resembling a kind of dream-memory. Thus, a photo of a ruined temple both depicted the particular place and conveyed a sense of loss, oblivion, of time passing and past, and provided entry into the language of the psychoanalytic project. Bergstein seeks to understand how various kinds of photographs?of sculptures; archaeological sites in Greece, Rome, and Egypt; medical conditions; ethnographic scenes?fed into Freud's thinking as he elaborated the concepts of psychoanalysis. The result is a book that makes a significant contribution to our understanding of early twentieth century visual culture even as it shows that photography shaped the ways in which the great archaeologist of the human mind saw and thought about the world.
Is your memory hierarchy stopping your microprocessor from performing at the high level it should be? Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk shows you how to resolve this problem. The book tells you everything you need to know about the logical design and operation, physical design and operation, performance characteristics and resulting design trade-offs, and the energy consumption of modern memory hierarchies. You learn how to to tackle the challenging optimization problems that result from the side-effects that can appear at any point in the entire hierarchy. As a result you will be able to design and emulate the entire memory hierarchy. Understand all levels of the system hierarchy -Xcache, DRAM, and disk. Evaluate the system-level effects of all design choices. Model performance and energy consumption for each component in the memory hierarchy.
Working from a cultural studies perspective, author D. K. Smith here examines a broad range of medieval and Renaissance maps and literary texts to explore the effects of geography on Tudor-Stuart cultural perceptions. He argues that the literary representation of cartographically-related material from the late fifteenth to the early seventeenth century demonstrates a new strain, not just of geographical understanding, but of cartographic manipulation, which he terms, "the cartographic imagination." Rather than considering the effects of maps themselves on early modern epistemologies, Smith considers the effects of the activity of mapping-the new techniques, the new expectations of accuracy and precision which developed in the sixteenth century-on the ways people thought and wrote. Looking at works by Spenser, Marlowe, Raleigh, and Marvell among other authors, he analyzes how the growing ability to represent physical space accurately brought with it not just a wealth of new maps, but a new array of rhetorical techniques, metaphors, and associations which allowed the manipulation of texts and ideas in ways never before possible.
