Damage from corrosion costs billions of dollars per year. Controlling corrosion requires a fundamental, in-depth understanding of the mechanisms and phenomena involved, and this understanding is best achieved through advanced analytical methods. The first book to treat both surface analytical and electrochemical techniques in a single reference, Analytical Methods in Corrosion Science and Engineering equips you with hands-on tools for solving corrosion problems and improving corrosion resistance. The book begins with the major surface analytical techniques, their principles, instrumentation, and the exact nature of the information derived from their measurements. Individual chapters are devoted to electron spectroscopy, ion analytical methods, nanoprobes, synchrotron methods, infrared spectroscopy, and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy followed by recent developments in the application of radiotracer methods, nanoscratching, and nanoindentation. Coverage then moves to electrochemical techniques, beginning with an introduction to electrochemical instrumentation that reveals the requirements for accurate and meaningful measurements as well as potential errors and how to avoid them. The authors provide a thorough background of each technique and illustrate its use for a variety of corrosion systems, in many cases using examples of practical industrial applications. Contributed by a team of prominent experts from major universities and national research laboratories around the world, Analytical Methods in Corrosion Science and Engineering is the most comprehensive guide available for investigating surface corrosion.
The present volume of Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry is composed of four chapters covering topics having relevance both in corrosion science and materials engineering. All of the chapters provide comprehensive coverage of recent advances in corrosion science. The first chapter, by Maurice and Marcus, provides a comprehensive review on the structural aspects and anti-corrosion properties of passive films on metals and alloys. These authors look at recent experimental data collected by in-situ microscopic techniques coupled with electrochemical methods. A detailed description is given of the nucleation and growth of 2-dimensional passive films at earlier stages, their effect on the corrosion properties of metal surfaces, and the nanostructures of- dimensional passive films. On the basis of the experimental data reviewed, the authors present a model for passivity breakdown and pit initiation, which takes into account the preferential role of grain boundaries. In Chapter 2, Takahashi and his co-workers give a specialized account on the electrochemical and structural properties of anodic oxide films formed on aluminum. In addition to the electrochemical corrosion-related problems of anodic oxide films, the chapter reviews state-of-the-art research of nano-/mic- fabrications based on anodizing treatments combined with chemical/mechanical processes such as laser irradiation, atomic force micro-probe processing and thin film deposition techniques.
This volume elaborates on various corrosion processes in different applications and their prevention strategies. It comprehensively covers the principles of corrosion, engineering issues, methods of corrosion protection and defines corrosion processes and control in select aggressive end industrial environments. The contents especially focus on corrosion issues in nuclear, aerospace, marine, high temperature, bioimplants, automobile, and addresses the application of advanced materials to mitigate them. A special section on corrosion prevention strategies with innovative solutions to resolve corrosion issues in various environments is the highlight of this book. This volume will be a useful guide for those in research, academia and industry, particularly to know state of art in corrosion control and prevention for various practical applications.
This Springer Handbook of Metrology and Testing presents the principles of Metrology – the science of measurement – and the methods and techniques of Testing – determining the characteristics of a given product – as they apply to chemical and microstructural analysis, and to the measurement and testing of materials properties and performance, including modelling and simulation. The principal motivation for this Handbook stems from the increasing demands of technology for measurement results that can be used globally. Measurements within a local laboratory or manufacturing facility must be able to be reproduced accurately anywhere in the world. The book integrates knowledge from basic sciences and engineering disciplines, compiled by experts from internationally known metrology and testing institutions, and academe, as well as from industry, and conformity-assessment and accreditation bodies. The Commission of the European Union has expressed this as there is no science without measurements, no quality without testing, and no global markets without standards.
Updated to include recent results from intensive worldwide research efforts in materials science, surface science, and corrosion science, Corrosion Mechanisms in Theory and Practice, Third Edition explores the latest advances in corrosion and protection mechanisms. It presents a detailed account of the chemical and electrochemical surface reactions
Biocorrosion refers to corrosion influenced by bacteria adhering to surfaces in biofilms. Biocorrosion is a major problem in areas such as cooling systems and marine structures where biofilms can develop. This book summarises key recent research in this subject. Part one looks at theories of biocorrosion and measurement techniques. Part two discusses how bacteria and biofilms result in biocorrosion. The final part of the book includes case studies of biocorrosion in areas as diverse as buildings, fuels, marine environments and cooling systems. Provides a detailed overview of biocorrosion and the different scientific and/or industrial problems related to microbially induced corrosion Introduces a variety of investigative techniques and methodologies that are employed in diagnosing and evaluating microbially induced corrosion Includes case studies on: biodeterioration of building materials; biocorrosion issues associated with diesel and biofuels; marine biocorrosion; corrosion of open recirculating cooling water systems and cooling system components; the effect of H2S on steel corrosion
This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy
Despite their efforts, industries continue to lose millions of dollars every year to the destructive effects of corrosion on both structures and equipment. A large part of the problem is that diagnosing its causes and developing strategies to avoid corrosion depend on the application of principles drawn from a broad spectrum of physical sciences not typically encountered in engineering and other technical disciplines associated with industrial production. While continuing to fully explain the basic principles needed to understand corrosion science, this new edition of Corrosion Science and Technology has been updated and expanded to present the very latest technologies and strategies for limiting costly metal degradation caused by corrosion. Written by respected experts who possess an understanding of the sciences involved as well as experience with the development of corrosion control methods, this volume describes the chemistry, electrochemistry, physics, and metallurgy of various types of metals, and evaluates numerous protection measures and surface treatments. New to the Second Edition • New chapters that examine the corrosion resistance of copper, nickel, titanium, and their respective alloys • An entire chapter devoted to the expanded discussion of cathodic protection by impressed current and sacrificial anodes • Extended coverage of the equipment used in the medicine, power generation, and marine environments • Additional case histories and recently employed real-world applications Exploring corrosion control methods used in an expanded variety of commercial enterprises including aviation, automobile manufacturing, food processing, and building construction, this practical guide presents proven and cost-effective methods that industrial engineers can call upon to better protect material assets.
Corrosion monitoring techniques play a key role in efforts to combat corrosion, which can have major economic and safety implications. This important book starts with a review of corrosion fundamentals and provides a four-part comprehensive analysis of a wide range of methods for corrosion monitoring, including practical applications and case studies. The first part of the book reviews electrochemical techniques for corrosion monitoring, such as polarization techniques, potentiometric methods, electrochemical noise and harmonic analyses, galvanic sensors, differential flow through cells and multielectrode systems. A second group of chapters analyses the physical or chemical methods of corrosion monitoring. These include gravimetric, radioactive tracer, hydrogen permeation, electrical resistance and rotating cage techniques. Part II also includes a chapter on the innovative nondestructive evaluation technologies that can be used to monitor corrosion. Part III examines corrosion monitoring in special environments such as microbial systems, concrete and soil, and remote monitoring and model predictions. A final group of chapters includes various case studies covering ways in which corrosion monitoring can be applied to engine exhaust systems, cooling water systems, pipelines, equipment in chemical plants, and other real world systems. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Techniques for corrosion monitoring is a valuable reference guide for engineers and scientific and technical personnel who deal with corrosion in such areas as automotive engineering, power generation, water suppliers and the petrochemical industry. Provides a comprehensive analysis of the range of techniques for corrosion monitoring Specific case studies are included to highlight the main issues A valuable reference guide for engineers, scientific and technical personnel who deal with corrosion
The book gives an overview about all relevant electrochemical and spectroscopic methods used in corrosion research. Besides the correct use and interpretation, the methods are correlated with industrial test methods for organic coatings and conversion layers.
Corrosion inhibitors are an important method for minimizing corrosion; however traditional inhibitors such as chromates pose environmental problems. Rare earth metals provide an important, environmentally-friendly alternative. This book provides a comprehensive review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction. Chapter 1 begins by examining the important need to replace chromate, and then goes on to discuss the chemistry of the rare earth metals and their related compounds. Chapter 2 considers the techniques that can be used to identify corrosion inhibition mechanisms and to test the levels of protection offered to different metals by rare earth compounds. Subsequent chapters consider in more detail how rare earth elements can be used as corrosion inhibitors in different forms and for different metals. This includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings. Finally, chapter 10 considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them. Provides a review of current research and examines how rare earth metals can be used to prevent corrosion and applied to protect metals in such industries as aerospace and construction. Includes discussion on the potential of rare earth elements for self-healing, tunable and multifunctional coatings. Considers the cost and availability of the rare earths and the potential health and environmental risks associated with extracting them.
Electrochemistry theme is a component of Encyclopedia of Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Electrochemistry is the science that studies the properties and chemical transformations of/within ionic conductors (most commonly a solution of a salt) and at the interface between an ionic conductor and an electronic conductor (most commonly a metal) or semiconductor. Electrochemistry is present in many aspects of our everyday life. Probably, batteries are the most common example. However, electrochemistry is also present in many other aspects of vital importance in the chemical industry, like chlorine, caustic soda and aluminum (and many others not described here) are produced through electrochemical processes. This volume is aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs
